ANATOMY and PHYSIOLOGY Skeletal Tissue, The Skeleton, Joints.
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Below are sample questions from this exam to help you understand the content and format.
Q1: Identify the anatomical movement illustrated below and state the joint involved (for example flexion of the knee joint).
Answer Choices:
🔷 The image shows the scapulae moving laterally and anteriorly away from the vertebral column, indicated by the arrows.
🔷 This action is called protraction, where the shoulder blades move forward around the rib cage.
🔷 The movement occurs at the scapulothoracic joint, a functional joint between the scapula and thoracic wall.
🔷 Muscles such as the serratus anterior and pectoralis minor are responsible for producing this motion.
🔷 Protraction is commonly seen in actions like pushing forward (e.g., a punching motion).
Q2: Identify the anatomical movement illustrated below and state the joint involved (for example flexion of the knee joint).
Answer Choices:
🔴 The image shows the mandible moving anteriorly (forward), as indicated by the red arrow.
🔴 This action is called protraction, where the lower jaw shifts outward from its resting position.
🔴 The movement occurs at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), a hinge and gliding synovial joint.
🔴 Muscles responsible include the lateral pterygoid and medial pterygoid, which pull the mandible forward.
🔴 This motion is essential in actions like pushing the jaw forward or biting.
Q3: Identify the anatomical movement illustrated below and state the joint involved (for example flexion of the knee joint).
Answer Choices:
🔵 The image shows the hand moving laterally toward the radius (thumb side), indicated by the green arrow.
🔵 This movement is known as radial flexion (also called radial deviation), which occurs at the radiocarpal joint (wrist joint).
🔵 Radial flexion decreases the angle between the thumb side of the hand and the forearm radius, moving the hand sideways.
🔵 The muscles responsible include the flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis.
🔵 The correct anatomical movement illustrated is radial flexion of the wrist joint.
Q4: Identify the anatomical movement illustrated below and state the joint involved (for example flexion of the knee joint).
Answer Choices:
🖊️ The image shows the leg moving forward and upward in front of the body, as indicated by the green arrow.
🖊️ This action decreases the angle between the anterior thigh and the pelvis, which defines flexion at the hip joint.
🖊️ The joint involved is the hip joint (acetabulofemoral joint), a ball-and-socket synovial joint.
🖊️ The primary muscles producing hip flexion include the iliopsoas, rectus femoris, and sartorius.
🖊️ The illustrated movement is best described as flexion of the hip joint.
Q5: Identify the anatomical movement illustrated below and state the joint involved (for example flexion of the knee joint).
Answer Choices:
🏵️ The image shows the forearm and arm rotating outward, away from the midline of the body, indicated by the green arrow.
🏵️ This is the definition of external (lateral) rotation, where the anterior surface of the humerus turns outward.
🏵️ The movement occurs at the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint), which is a ball-and-socket synovial joint.
🏵️ Muscles involved include the infraspinatus and teres minor, both part of the rotator cuff group.
🏵️ The anatomical movement is external rotation of the shoulder joint.
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