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HIV can infect and/or destroy many of the very cells needed to combat it, including the helper (T4 or CD4) class of lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and even B lymphocytes.
✔ HIV infects immune cells
⚪ HIV targets CD4+ T helper lymphocytes, which are crucial for coordinating immune defense.
⚪ The virus also infects monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, further weakening the immune system.
⚪ Destruction of these cells leads to progressive immunodeficiency, a hallmark of AIDS.
⚪ This explains why patients with AIDS are vulnerable to opportunistic infections and cancers.
✔ Neonates can be infected through nursing
⚪ HIV transmission can occur through breast milk, even if the infant was not infected during pregnancy or delivery.
⚪ This is considered a form of postnatal vertical transmission.
⚪ In regions where breastfeeding is essential for infant nutrition, this risk is particularly significant.
⚪ Preventive strategies include maternal ART or safe feeding alternatives.
✔ ART is effective treatment
⚪ Antiretroviral therapy (ART) combines multiple drugs to inhibit different stages of the HIV replication cycle.
⚪ ART has been shown to suppress viral loads, reduce disease progression, and restore immune function.
⚪ Using multiple agents reduces the chance of drug resistance developing.
⚪ ART has transformed HIV from a fatal infection into a manageable chronic condition.
This question is from Microbiology Final which contains 99 questions.
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