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RN Nursing · Endocrine Disorders in Children · Practice question

A 9-year-old child with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes presents to the clinic with symptoms of increased thirst and frequent urination. The nurse notices ketoacidosis and charts the following findings. Which assessment finding is inconsistent with the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes?

Answer & explanation

Correct: Bradycardia

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by absolute insulin deficiency, leading to hyperglycemia and, when severe, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Classic manifestations include polyuria (increased urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), and polyphagia, along with unintentional weight loss as the body catabolizes fat and protein for energy. Fruity-smelling breath is a hallmark of DKA, resulting from the accumulation of acetone, a ketone body, in exhaled air. Bradycardia, or a slow heart rate, is inconsistent with the clinical picture of DKA and type 1 diabetes. DKA typically produces a compensatory tachycardia driven by dehydration, volume depletion, and metabolic acidosis. The body attempts to maintain cardiac output by increasing heart rate in response to fluid losses from osmotic diuresis. Therefore, bradycardia would be unexpected and does not fit the diagnosis, making it the finding inconsistent with type 1 diabetes in this context. Increased urination, unintentional weight loss, and fruity-smelling breath are all consistent with the diagnosis and expected findings in a child with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes presenting in DKA.

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