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RN Nursing · Newborn Complications — Hypoglycemia · Practice question

A nurse is caring for a newborn. Select words from the choices below to fill in each blank in the following sentence. The nurse should further evaluate ____, ____ and ____ to determine if the newborn is experiencing a complication.

Nurses' Notes

1730:

Physical exam:

General: active with strong cry

HEENT: mucous membranes moist

Respiratory: respirations are shallow and irregular

Cardiovascular: S1,S2, no murmur

Musculoskeletal: moves all extremities well and flexed posture

1830:

Physical exam:

General: active with high-pitched cry

HEENT: mucous membranes moist

Respiratory: respirations are shallow and irregular

Cardiovascular: S1, S2, no murmur

Musculoskeletal: increased muscle tone with tremors noted upon stimulation

Reflexes: positive Babinski, exaggerated Moro, palmar present

Mother's History and Physical

Prenatal History:

Reports no prenatal care.

Medical History: none

Social History:

Reports using opioids a few times during pregnancy. Recent use 2 days ago. Reports no alcohol or tobacco use.

Admission Assessment

1700:

Infant born via normal spontaneous vaginal delivery at 38 weeks of gestation. Apgar score is 8 at 1 -minute, 9 at 5-minute. Weight 2.78 kg (6 lb 2 oz)

Answer & explanation

Correct:

This newborn was born to a mother with no prenatal care who used opioids during pregnancy, most recently two days before delivery, putting the baby at risk for neonatal abstinence syndrome. The 1830 exam reveals classic withdrawal findings — high-pitched cry, increased muscle tone with tremors, exaggerated Moro reflex — that warrant further focused evaluation. Cry characteristics are a key part of the Finnegan/neonatal abstinence scoring tool, where a high-pitched or continuous cry is heavily weighted; this change from the earlier strong cry signals CNS irritability. Muscle tone is another scored item, and the new finding of increased tone with tremors on stimulation is a hallmark of withdrawal, so it must be monitored to track severity. The exaggerated Moro reflex is also part of the neonatal abstinence scoring system and reflects autonomic and neurologic hyperexcitability, so the Moro should be re-evaluated to determine the degree of CNS involvement. Heart rate and Babinski reflex are not specific indicators of opioid withdrawal — Babinski is expected to be positive in newborns — and respiratory pattern, while shallow and irregular, is normal newborn variability rather than a specific withdrawal feature in this scenario.

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