RN Nursing · Prenatal Care · Practice question
A pregnant client reports experiencing constipation during her second trimester. Which nursing intervention should the nurse prioritize to effectively manage her constipation while ensuring safety for both the client and fetus?
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Advise the client to limit fluid intake to prevent edema and discomfort.
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Suggest the use of mineral oil as a lubricant to ease stool passage.
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✓
Encourage increased intake of dietary fiber and fluids while promoting regular physical activity.
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Recommend over-the-counter stimulant laxatives to produce rapid bowel movements.
Answer & explanation
Correct: Encourage increased intake of dietary fiber and fluids while promoting regular physical activity.
Constipation is common during pregnancy due to elevated progesterone levels, which reduce gastrointestinal motility, as well as pressure from the growing uterus on the bowel. The safest, most evidence-based first-line intervention is to increase dietary fiber intake (targeting 25–35 g/day), ensure adequate fluid intake (at least 8–10 glasses of water daily), and engage in regular moderate physical activity such as walking. These measures work synergistically: fiber adds bulk and draws water into the stool, fluids soften stool, and exercise stimulates peristalsis. Limiting fluid intake is contraindicated in pregnancy as it can contribute to dehydration, reduced amniotic fluid, and worsening constipation. Mineral oil is not recommended during pregnancy because it interferes with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) critical for fetal development. Over-the-counter stimulant laxatives carry risks in pregnancy, including potential stimulation of uterine contractions, and should only be used under medical supervision if conservative measures fail. Osmotic laxatives such as polyethylene glycol are sometimes considered second-line options, but lifestyle modification remains the safest and most appropriate priority intervention for a pregnant client experiencing constipation.
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