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RN Nursing · Small for Gestational Age and Large for Gestational Age · Practice question

The nurse is educating the parents of a large for gestational age (LGA) newborn about potential complications associated with this condition. Which statement should the nurse include?

Answer & explanation

Correct: "The newborn is at risk for low blood sugar and may need frequent blood glucose checks."

Large for gestational age (LGA) newborns — those with a birth weight above the 90th percentile for gestational age — are at significant risk for neonatal hypoglycemia and should have frequent blood glucose monitoring in the early hours and days of life. This risk is particularly pronounced when macrosomia results from maternal gestational diabetes, where fetal hyperinsulinism develops in response to chronic fetal hyperglycemia. After birth, the maternal glucose supply is abruptly withdrawn, but the newborn's elevated insulin levels persist, causing blood glucose to drop rapidly. Signs of neonatal hypoglycemia include jitteriness, poor feeding, apnea, and seizures, making early detection through serial glucose checks essential. The statement that LGA newborns require mandatory IV fluid therapy and a longer hospital stay as a blanket policy is incorrect; IV therapy is instituted only if oral feedings are insufficient to maintain glucose levels. The claim that LGA newborns should not be swaddled to prevent overheating is inaccurate; swaddling is a beneficial comfort measure and temperature regulation is managed through appropriate environmental controls. The assertion that a higher birth weight lowers the risk for birth injuries is false — LGA newborns face a greater risk for birth trauma including shoulder dystocia, brachial plexus injury, clavicle fracture, and cephalohematoma. Therefore, education about hypoglycemia risk and glucose monitoring is the most accurate and clinically important teaching point.

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