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RN Nursing · Adverse Effects, Interactions, and Contraindications · Practice question

Which properties below apply to the medication aspirin? (Select all that apply)

Answer & explanation

Correct: Antipyretic · Analgesic · Antiplatelet · Anti-inflammatory

Aspirin is a salicylate with four well-established pharmacological properties: it is antipyretic, analgesic, antiplatelet, and anti-inflammatory. As an antipyretic, aspirin reduces fever by acting on the hypothalamus to promote heat dissipation. Its analgesic effect provides relief from mild-to-moderate pain by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis in peripheral tissues. The anti-inflammatory action results from cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) inhibition, reducing the production of inflammatory mediators. At low doses, aspirin irreversibly inhibits COX-1 in platelets, preventing thromboxane A2 synthesis and thereby reducing platelet aggregation, giving it its antiplatelet property — commonly used in cardiovascular disease prevention. Aspirin is not classified as an antihypertensive medication. It has no direct mechanism for lowering blood pressure and is not used therapeutically for hypertension management; in fact, chronic use of NSAIDs including aspirin can raise blood pressure by causing sodium retention. Therefore, antihypertensive should not be included. The four selected properties — antipyretic, analgesic, antiplatelet, and anti-inflammatory — accurately describe aspirin's pharmacological profile.

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